POET
Date: 2019-04-05
On Thursday, April 4, POET CEO and Founder Jeff Broin was recognized with a Bioeconomy Leadership Award award for his vision and leadership in pioneering new technology and building POET into the world's largest biofuel producer. Previous award recipients are former Iowa governor and U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack (2013) and former Navy Secretary Ray Mabus (2015), recognized for his work in developing the Great Green Fleet, an initiative that demonstrates the Navy's efforts to transform its energy use.

According to the POET release, in its more than 30-year history, POET has continually found ways to make biofuel production more efficient at its network of 27 bioprocessing facilities and to develop new co-products and new sources for biofuel. POET, through its joint venture with Dutch biotechnology company DSM, also operates a commercial-scale cellulosic ethanol plant, Project LIBERTY, in Emmetsburg, Iowa.

The Global Bioeconomy Leadership Award was established by Biofuels Digest and Nuu Media to recognize individuals who offer a bold vision and have made a global impact in the biotechnology space. (Source: POET, Vital, 4 April, 2019) Contact: POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Biofuel,  Ethanol,  

POET
Date: 2019-03-04
In South Dakota, the city of Sioux Falls and ethanol producer POET have reportedly agreed to extend their 10-year agreement under which POET pipes methane gas from the Regional Landfill to its ethanol plant in Chancellor where it is used as cleaner fule substitue for oil and petroleum for ethanol production.

Under the original 1o year contract Sioux Falls received about $17 million. The new contract is expected to bring Sioux Falls $12.7 million over the next decade,(Source: POET, Argus Leader, The State, AP, 3 Mar., 2019) Contact: POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Landfill Gas,  Methane,  Ethanol,  

RFS,Advanced Biofuels Business Council
Date: 2018-12-07
"Specifically, I'm glad levels for biodiesel are maintained and slightly increased. And although the levels for advanced biofuels and cellulosic biofuels don't represent the full potential of the industry, they are very promising and will help significantly." -- Sen. Chuck Grassley (R), www.grassley.senate.gov

"It is time to get our America First fuel policy back on track, and we encourage the acting EPA administrator to hold oil refiners accountable and maintain the integrity of the Renewable Fuel Standard." -- Kyle Gilley, Snr VP External Affairs and Communications, POET, www.poet.com

"The final targets open new possibilities for advanced and cellulosic biofuels, but without a check on abusive EPA waivers, we'll continue to see plants closing their doors or idling production. The agency cannot fulfill the president's commitments in the heartland without putting a lid on handouts to oil giants like Chevron and Andeavor." -- Brooke Coleman, Exec. Dir., Advanced Biofuels Business Council, www.advancedbiofuels.org

"It reflects continued growth in the renewable natural gas industry. The growth in production of renewable natural gas and the completion of nearly 50 new production facilities from coast to coast since 2014 is proof positive that the RFS is working as intended for cellulosic and advanced biofuels." -- Johannes Escudero, CEO, Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas, www.rngcoalition.com

"While the numbers are a positive step forward and they hold promise with a 15-billion-gallon commitment to starch ethanol and 418 million gallons of cellulosic biofuels, the billions of lost gallons due to excessive small refinery exemptions need to be accounted for." -- Emily Skor, CEO, Growth Energy, www.growthenergy.org

More Low-Carbon Energy News Grassley,  POET,  RFS,  Growth Energy,  

POET
Date: 2018-10-29
Further to our 25 July coverage, South Dakota-based ethanol producer POET is reportedly reviewing a Shelbyville Planning Commission tax abatement proposal for a $160 million ethanol production plant in Shelbyville, southeast of Indianapolis.

If constructed, the plant would create about 45 full-time jobs and produce 80 million gpy of ethanol. The plant is expected to begin operations in 2020. (Source: POET, Albany Times Union, 26 Oct., 2018) Contact: POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com; Shelbyville Planning Commission, (317) 392-6338, www.cityofshelbyvillein.com/event/plan-commission

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Ethanol,  

POET
Date: 2018-09-21
In the Buckeye State, ethanol industry giant POET reports the Sept 19th opening of POET Biorefining Marion. The Marion plant's capacity was increased 80 million gpy to 150 million gpy of biofuel and 360,000 tpy of high-protein animal feed.

The Marion plant expansion came in at a reported $120 million. (Source: POET, PR, 19 Sept., 2018) Contact: POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Ethanol,  

POET
Date: 2018-07-25
In the Hoosier State, the Shelbyville Plan Commission reports it has unanimously approved POET Biorefining's proposed corn ethanol plant site development plan on W 300 North highway. The project still needs an Indiana Department of Environmental Management air permit to proceed.

According to POET, the plant will generate nearly $3 million per for farmers, create 45 new jobs and have a $200 million economic impact on the area. (Source: Fox, 24 July,2018) Contact: POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com; Shelbyville Plan Commission, (317) 392-6338, www.cityofshelbyvillein.com/event/plan-commission

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Ethanol,  

Bioenergy,Biofuels
Date: 2018-07-23
United States Bioenergy Market Report 2018 is latest research study released by HTF MI evaluating the market, highlighting opportunities, risk side analysis, and leveraged with strategic and tactical decision-making support. The study provides information on market trends and development, drivers, capacities, technologies, and on the changing capital structure of the U.S. Bioenergy Market.

The Study is segmented by ethanol, biodiesel & hydrocarbon fuels as well as by major applications/end-user industries such as transportation, off-grid electricity and cooking. It is also segmented by region and market size. Key manufacturers covered in the report include Archer Daniels Midland, BP, Cargill, POET, Royal Dutch Shell and Wilmar International.

Study details are HERE; Bioenergy Market: Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2023 report samples are HERE. Source: HTF Market Intelligence Consulting Private Limited, July, 2018) Contact: HTF Market Intelligence Consulting, Craig Francis, Marketing Manager, (206) 317-1218, sales@htfmarketreport.com, www.htfmarketreport.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Bioenergy,  Biofuel,  

POET
Date: 2018-07-13
"With Scott Pruitt's resignation, we hope we will now see an EPA that's willing to uphold President Trump's commitments to rural America and finally deliver the win-win he's been looking for with year-round sales of E15.

" It's time to turn the page on the disastrous demand destruction practices of Scott Pruitt and start a new chapter." -- Kyle Gilley, POET Snr. VP External Affairs , Communications

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET news,  Pruitt news,  E15 news,  

Aemetis
Date: 2018-06-20
Cupertino, California-based Aemetis, Inc. reports that the publication Biofuels Digest has awarded the Aemetis cellulosic ethanol facility under development at the Riverbank site in California as the "#1 Waste-to-Value Project in the world." The Aemetis facility earned its #1 project ranking as a result of its low cost contracted inputs, high value outputs, proven process technology and a planned $125 million USDA guaranteed loan. The facility was ranked above high profile and funded advanced biofuels projects including those developed by Fulcrum, Red Rock, Clariant, Poet and Enerkem.

Biofuels Digest noted that the Aemetis Riverbank project combines the best technology from leading technology providers LanzaTech and InEnTec with the local availability of waste orchard wood and other feedstock that can be used to produce Aemetis' high value cellulosic ethanol and valuable byproducts.

Aemetis owns and operates a 60 million gallon per year ethanol production facility in California's Central Valley, near Modesto. Aemetis also owns and operates a 50 million gpy renewable chemical and advanced fuel production facility in India producing distilled biodiesel and refined glycerin for the Indian, US and European markets. The company also operates an R&D laboratory, and holds a portfolio of patents and related technology licenses for the production of renewable fuels and biochemicals. (Source: Aemetis, PR, 19 June, 2018) Contact: Aemetis, Todd Waltz, (408) 213-0940, investors@aemetis.com, www.aemetis.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Renewable Fuel,  BiochemicalAemetis,  Ethanol,  Cellulosic Ethanol,  Biofuel,  

POET,ADM,Archer Daniels Midland
Date: 2018-06-11
The Argus Leader is reporting that Siousx Falls, S.D. biofuels pioneer and giant POET's production has surpassed that of it largest competitor Archer Daniels Midland Co.(ADM) , based on figures provided by the two companies.

Poet's biofuels 1.9 billion gpy capacity is expected to top 2 billion gpy by 2019. ADM's annual production capacity is at 1.6 billion gpy.

Poet continues to grow and expand ethanol production, while ADM shifted some of its biofuels capacity to other products, as previously. (Source: USA Today, Argus Leader, 11 June 11, 2018) Contact: Archer Daniels Midland, Juan Luciano, Pres., CEO, (312) 634-8100, www.adm.com; POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Archer Daniels Midland,  POET,  Ethanol,  Biofuel,  

POET
Date: 2018-05-25
Poet's investment in its Mitchell plant struck gold Wednesday. Ethanol producer POET is reporting ground breaking on approximately $5 million of upgrades and expansion of its distillers grains (DDG) pellet business in Mitchell, South Dakota. POET markets the DDG live stock feed product as "Dakota Gold ProPellets" DDG exports have grown from 1 million tons in 2006 to 11 million tons during a 12-month period in 2016-17, according to the U.S. Grains Council. (Source: POET, Daily Republic, 23 May, 2018) Contact: POET, Matt Reiners , VP Business Dev., (605) 996-1686, https://poet.com/mitchell

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Biomass Pellt,  DDGs,  

Date: 2018-05-04
E Market Research is offering Biofuels Market Leading Manufacturers 2018 biofuels market report, an in-depth investigation on the competitive biofuels market.

Key players included in the global Biofuels market report are: China Agri-Industries Holdings, COFCO Biochemical (AnHui), Raizen, ADM, Tianguan Group, Cargill, POET, Big River Resources, Vivergo, The Andersons, BP, Pacific Ethanol, Flint Hills Resources, Green Plains, CropEnergies, Valero, Abengoa Bioenergy and Jilin Fuel Ethanol

The report analyzes the biofuels market by: type-- Biodiesel and Bioethanol; end users -- industrial fuels, transportation fuels and Chemical industry; regions; distributors; dealers; traders and manufacturers including contact information, production strategies, the scope of the Biofuels product, their capacity, worldwide productivity, and revenue generation.

Details and a PDF sample copy of this study HERE (Source: E Market Research, May, 2018) Contact: E Market Research, (857) 239-0696, nquiry@market.biz, http://emarketresearch.us/global-biofuels-market-2017-2022

Biorenewable Deployment Consortium,POET
Date: 2018-05-04
In Omaha, Nebraska, the Biorenewable Deployment Consortium (BDC) honored POET, a privately held corporation headquartered in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and the world's largest producer of ethanol and other biorefined products, with the organization's Spring 2018 Achievement Award at its spring meeting in Omaha on May 1, 2018.

POET is recognized for its leadership in remaining focused on reducing the reliance of the United States on foreign energy, to revitalizing global agriculture, and providing a cleaner, affordable alternative to fossil fuels.

Since 2006, C has worked to bring together like minded companies to share ideas and partner to deploy bio-processes that can be economic in the long run without government subsidy. BDC holds two symposiums a year for its members, where leading edge information from various bio-companies is shared and tours are made of bio-facilities. BDC acts as a resource to members, working to broker partnerships that can lead to the deployment of commercial facilities. The organization recognizes the need for low cost feedstock, cost effective measures such as integration of processes, high value products, and good management to achieve the economics needed for success.

POET, the world's largest biofuels producer, is a leader in biorefining through its efficient, vertically integrated approach to production. The 30-year-old company has a network of 27 production facilities. POET, through its joint venture with DSM, also operates a commercial-scale cellulosic biofuel plant in Emmetsburg, Iowa (Source: Biorenewable Deployment Consortium, PR, May, 2018) Contact: Biorenewable Deployment Consortium, Masood Akhtar, Pres.,(608) 332- 0189, Masood.Akhtar@biorenewabledc.org, www.biorenewabledc.org; POET. Matt Merritt, Public Relations, (605) 965-2225 / (605) 370-9959, matt.merritt@poet.com, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Biorenewable Deployment Consortium ,  POET,  Biofuel,  

POET,ADM
Date: 2018-05-02
In Chicago, Reuters is reporting that privately held, Emmetsburg, Iowa-based ethanol producer POET DSM has surpassed industry pioneer and global grain merchant Archer Daniels Midland to become the world's largest ethanol producer.

While POET's annual biofuel capacity has grown to 1.9 billion gpy, and will reach 2 billion by 2019, ADM has cut its market exposure and biofuel production to about 1.6 billion gpy, according to company data. The U.S. ethanol industry has total production capacity of more than 16 billion gpy, according to Reuters. (Source: Reuters, Country Guide, 1 May, 2018) Contact: Archer Daniels Midland, Juan Luciano, Pres., CEO, (312) 634-8100, www.adm.com; POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Archer Daniels Midland,  POET,  Ethanol,  Biofuel,  

South Dakota Agricultural Foundation
Date: 2018-03-23
In Pierre, the South Dakota Agricultural Foundation reports its acceptance of a five-year, matching-funds challenge from Gov. Dennis Daugaard to raise $4 million in support of the state's agriculture industry. Funds raised by the SD Ag Foundation will be matched by an additional $1 million in funds from the State of South Dakota and South Dakota Community Foundation.

In support of the SD Ag Foundation, Souix Falls-headquartered POET committed $250,000 towards the 1-to-4 matching fund challenge. (Source: South Dakota Agricultural Foundation, POET, Dakota Radio Group News & Farm, 21 Mar., 2018)Contact: South Dakota Agricultural Foundation, https://sdcommunityfoundation.org; POET, Jeff Broin, Pres., (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Biofuel,  POET,  Ethanol,  

POET Biorefining – Portland
Date: 2018-02-23
In the Hoosier State, POET Biorefining-Portland has applauded passage of a City of Portland resolution urging Indiana lawmakers to protect the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). The RFS ensures that Indiana farmers and biofuel producers can continue to compete against fossil fuel companies that seek to monopolize consumer options at the fuel pump, POET says.

POET Biorefining-Portland began operations September 18, 2007. The biorefinery processes approximately 25 million bpy of locally-grown corn to produce 68 million gpy of biofuels. (Source: POET, Hoosier Ag Today, 20 Feb., 2018) Contact: POET Biorefining-Portland, Matt Tomano, General Manager,(260) 726-7154, http://poetbiorefining-portland.aghost.net/index.cfm

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  RFS,  Biofuel,  Biofuel Blend,  Ethanol,  

Poet
Date: 2017-11-27
Commenting on the EPA's decision to maintain the current point of obligation under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), Sioux Falls, South Dakota-headquartered Poet LLC CEO Jeff Broin said: "By maintaining the point of obligation for the RFS, the EPA is allowing the system to continue to work as designed. Under the RFS, infrastructure for biofuel-blended fuel is expanding, with opportunities for additional consumer-driven growth. The RFS works, evident from the numerous benefits it allows Americans to enjoy today: cleaner air, fewer carcinogens in gasoline, lower fuel costs and increased energy independence." (Source: Poet, Various Media, Biofuels Int'l, Others, 24 Nov., 2017) Contact: Poet LLC, Jeff Broin, CEO, (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Poet,  Point of Obligation,  RFS,  Biofuel Blending,  

POET DSM
Date: 2017-11-08
Emmetsburg, Iowa-based ethanol producer POET DSM reports the company has achieved a breakthrough in cellulosic biofuels that has been their biggest hurdle toward commercialization. According to POET DSM Spokesman Matt Merritt, the breakthrough was in pretreatment which is the first stage of cellulosic biofuel production. He says their next step is to get that licensed and out to other biofuel plants.

Merritt says by taking the cellulosic feedstock -- corn stover, cobs, leaves, husks -- and processing it so that enzymes and yeast can access the cellulosic sugars, it then ferments them into biofuel. The process benefits biofuel plants as well as farmers and the environment, according to Merritt. (Source: POET DSM, WNAX Radio, 6 Nov., 2017)Contact: POET LLC, Jeff Broin, CEO, Jeff Lautt, Pres., COO, (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET DSM,  Cellulosic,  Ethanol,  Corn stover,  

POET
Date: 2017-08-18
Sioux Falls, South Dakota-based POET Biorefining, the world's largest biofuels producer, reports it has broken ground on the $120 million, 80 million gpy expansion of its 70 million gpy ethanol plant in Marion, Ohio. The expansion will also up dried distillers grains (DDGs) from the current 178,000 tpy to 360,000 tpy. The project is slated for completion in Q3, 2018. (Source: POET , Various Media, 15 Aug., 2017)Contact: POET Ethanol Products, (316) 303-1380, www.ethanolproducts.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Ethanol,  Corn Ethanol,  Biofuel,  

Poet LLC
Date: 2017-08-11
Following on our May 26th coverage, Sioux Falls, South Dakota-based Ethanol producer POET Biorefining, which has three plants in Ohio, said that it is set to break ground on a $120 million expansion that will double capacity at its 70 million gpy plant in Marion, Ohio. POET, which has two northwest Ohio plants in Fostoria and Leipsic, said the Marion plant will expand from 70 million gallons per year to 150 million gallons. It also will increase its production of high-protein animal feed (DDGs) from 178,000 tons to approximately 360,000 tpy.

The company said corn purchases from area farmers will grow from 24 million bushels to 50 million bpy. (Source: POET, The Blade, 10 Aug., 2017) Contact: POET Ethanol Products, (316) 303-1380, www.ethanolproducts.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News DDGs,  POET,  Ethanol,  Corn Ethanol,  

POET
Date: 2017-07-14
WNAX Radio 570 in Yankton South Dakota is reporting that POET officials are disappointed with the EPA's RFS volume levels for 2018 for advanced biofuels and cellulosic ethanol, both of which are lower than 2017 statutory levels. Advanced biofuels were 40 million gallons less than in 2017 at 4.24 billion gallons, while cellulosic levels were set at 238 million gallons for 2018.

According to POET official Matt Merritt, that level will curtail any progress for the advanced biofuel industry. Merritt said the EPA needs to give advanced biofuel investors certainty going forward and the best way to do that is through aggressive volume levels. Merritt says POET will be submitting comments on the 2018 RFS volume level proposal and asking for increased numbers in the final rule, according to WNAX (Source: POET, WNAX, 12 July, 2017) Contact: POET, Matt Merritt, (316) 303-1380, www.ethanolproducts.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  RFS,  Cellulosic Ethanol,  

POET
Date: 2017-05-26
Following-up on our May 19th coverage, the Marion County (Ohio) Commission reports it has granted a tax abatement for POET Biorefining's $120 million ethanol plant expansion in Marion.

The project is slated to get under almost immediately for completion and startup in late 2018. The expansion is expected to double the plant's present 70 million gpy capacity to 150 million gpy. (Source: Marion County Commission, Various Media, 25 May, 2017) )Contact: POET Ethanol Products, (316) 303-1380, www.ethanolproducts.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Ethanol,  Corn Ethanol,  

Poet Biorefining ,POET
Date: 2017-05-19
In a press release, Souix Falls, South Dakota-headquartered POET Biorefining has announced plans to invest $120 million to increase its Marion, Ohio plant's ethanol production capacity from 70 million gpy to about 150 million gpy.

The plant currently uses about 24 million bpy of locally sourced corn and will consume about 50 million bpy after the expansion. The company's present corn purchases total about $330 million dollars a year in Ohio. The Marion plant also produces and sells the leftover spent corn as Distillers Dried Grains (DDGs) for animal feed.

POET has 27 refineries in seven states, including three in Ohio. The plant expansion is slated to begin this summer for completion in late 2018. (Source: POET Biorefining, Columbus Dispatch, Others, 17 May, 2017)Contact: POET Ethanol Products, (316) 303-1380, www.ethanolproducts.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Ethanol,  DDGs,  

POET-DSM,Project Liberty
Date: 2017-02-17
Sioux Falls, South Dakota-based POET-DSM Advanced Biofuels reports it will construct an on-site enzyme manufacturing (OSM) facility in Emmetsburg, Iowa, pending state and local approvals. The facility will be integrated into the Project Liberty technology package, replicable in future facilities. For Project Liberty, a cellulosic ethanol production from corn stover facility, the OSM will directly pipe enzymes into the Liberty production process without requiring downstream processing, stabilizers and other chemicals required for enzyme transportation.

New enzymes developed by DSM are also expected to improve effectiveness of the enzyme mix, further reducing costs for the process. CRB has been awarded the contract for the design, engineering and construction management. Basic engineering is complete, and construction is expected to begin in late spring or early summer.

POET-DSM Advanced Biofuels, LLC, is a 50/50 joint venture between Royal DSM and POET, LLC. Based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, the company is a cooperative effort of two innovators that provides a key to unlocking the opportunity of converting corn crop residue into cellulosic bio-ethanol. an integrated technology package for the conversion of corn crop residue to cellulosic bio-ethanol. (Source: POET-DSM Various Media, EIN, 16 Feb., 2017) Contact: POET-DSM Advanced Biofuels, Steve Hartig, General Manager, (630) 780-8171, steve.hartig@dsm.com, www.poetdsm.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET-DSM,  Cellulosic Ethanol,  Project Liberty,  

Poet LLC
Date: 2017-02-15
Souix Falls, South Dakota-headquartered ethanol producer Poet Inc reports its corn ethanol plant in Chancellor, South Dakota, reached a production milestone of 1 billion gallons of high-quality ethanol in 2016. The Chancellor facility was also the first Poet plant to hit 500 million gallons, a benchmark achieved in 2011.

The plant, which processes more than 100,000 bpd of corn, is equipped with cutting-edge technologies allowing it to use green energy derived from solid waste and methane gas from the nearby Sioux Falls city landfill. (Source: POET, PR, 13 Feb., 2017) Contact: POET Ethanol Products, (316) 303-1380, www.ethanolproducts.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  Ethanol,  Corn Ethanol,  

POET
Date: 2016-11-14
Following on our May 6th coverage, Poet Ethanol Products reports it has begun construction of a 26,000 square-foot addition to its HQ campus in Wichita. The project is expected to be completed in about one year.

The new structure, which will largely serve as a conference center, is designed to match Poet's existing headquarters. Architectural Development Services is the architect and Hutton Construction Corp. is the general contractor. As previously reported, the project got a $7 million in industrial revenue bonds boost from the Wichita City Council in May. POET expects to invest $7 million in construction costs and another $1.5 million in machinery and equipment. (Source: POET, Withcita Journal, Nov 11, 2016) Contact: POET Ethanol Products, (316) 303-1380, www.ethanolproducts.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News POET,  POET Ethanol Products,  EthanolEthanol,  

Poet LLC
Date: 2016-10-14
Souix Falls, South Dakota-headquartered ethanol producer Poet Inc. reports that three of its biorefineries in Ohio and 3 plants in Indiana are installing a new energy generation system using combined-heat-and-power (CHP).

These systems will use steam in a turbine to generate electricity that will reduce the plant's reliance on the electrical energy grid, recover waste energy, and cut greenhouse gas emissions. All of the upgrades are expected to be complete in 2017.

Poet already employs a number of strategies to lower energy use in its biorefineries including the patented BPX process which uses enzymes instead of heat for fermentation. Additionally, heat is shared between processes such as distillation and evaporation to get maximum production with the minimum amount of energy use. (Source: POET LLC, PR, 10 Oct., 2016)Contact: POET LLC, Jeff Broin, CEO, Jeff Lautt, Pres., COO, (605) 965-2200, www.poet.com

More Low-Carbon Energy News Poet LLC,  Ethanol,